引言
Daemon程序,又称为守护进程,通常在系统后台长时间运行,由于没有控制终端而无法与前台交互。Daemon程序一般作为系统服务使用,Linux系统中运行着很多这样的守护进程,如iptables,nfs,ypbind,dhcpd等。
Daemon设计原则
Daemon程序设计主要原则包括:
(1) 程序运行后调用fork,并让父进程退出。子进程获得一个新的进程ID,但继承了父进程的进程组ID。
(2) 调用setsid创建一个新的session,使自己成为新session和新进程组的leader,并使进程没有控制终端(tty)。
(3) 设置文件创建mask为0,避免创建文件时权限的影响。
(4) 关闭不需要的打开文件描述符。因为Daemon程序在后台执行,不需要于终端交互,通常就关闭STDIN、STDOUT和STDERR。其它根据实际情况处理。
(5) Daemon无法输出信息,可以使用SYSLOG或自己的日志系统进行日志处理。(可选)
(6) 编写管理Daemon的SHELL脚本,使用service对Daemon进行管理和监控。(可选)
Daemon程序框架
int init_daemon(void)
{
pid_t pid;
int i;
/* parent exits , child continues */
if((pid = fork()) < 0)
return -1;
else if(pid != 0)
exit(0);
setsid(); /* become session leader */
for(i=0;i< NOFILE ;++i) /* close STDOUT, STDIN, STDERR, */
close(i);
umask(0); /* clear file mode creation mask */
return 0;
}
void sig_term(int signo)
{
if(signo == SIGTERM) /* catched signal sent by kill(1) command */
{
wsio_logit("", "wsiod stopped\n");
exit(0);
}
}
/* main program of daemon */
int main(void)
{
if(init_daemon() == -1){
printf("can't fork self\n");
exit(0);
}
wsio_logit("", "wsiod started\n");
signal(SIGTERM, sig_term); /* arrange to catch the signal */
while (1) {
// Do what you want here
… …
}
exit(0);
}
Daemon日志
这里使用自己的日志系统,当然也可以使用SYSLOG。
#define LOGBUFSZ 256 /*log buffer size*/
#define LOGFILE "/var/log/wsiod.log" /*log filename*/
int wsio_logit(char * func, char *msg, ...)
{
va_list args;
char prtbuf[LOGBUFSZ];
int save_errno;
struct tm *tm;
time_t current_time;
int fd_log;
save_errno = errno;
va_start (args, msg);
(void) time (¤t_time); /* Get current time */
tm = localtime (¤t_time);
sprintf (prtbuf, "%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s ", tm->tm_mon+1,
tm->tm_mday, tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, func);
vsprintf (prtbuf+strlen(prtbuf), msg, args);
va_end (args);
fd_log = open (LOGFILE, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0664);
write (fd_log, prtbuf, strlen(prtbuf));
close (fd_log);
errno = save_errno;
return 0;
}
Daemon管理
Daemon程序可以使用service工具进行管理,包括启动、停止、查看状态等,但前题是需要编写一个如下的简单SHELL脚本。
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/wsiod
#!/bin/sh
#
# wsiod This shell script takes care of starting and stopping wsiod.
#
# chkconfig: 35 65 35
# description: wsiod is web servce I/O server, which is used to access files on remote hosts.
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
RETVAL=0
prog="wsiod"
WSIOARGS="-h $HOSTNAME -p 80 -t STANDALONE -k -c -d"
start() {
# Start daemons.
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon /usr/local/bin/wsiod ${WSIOARGS}
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/wsiod
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
# Stop daemons.
echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: "
killproc wsiod
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/wsiod
return $RETVAL
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart|reload)
stop
start
RETVAL=$?
;;
status)
status wsiod
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
到这儿为止,一个完整的Linux Daemon程序就完成了。
//
#include#include #include #include #include "become_daemon.h"#include "log.h" int /* Returns 0 on success, -1 on error */becomeDaemon(int flags){ int maxfd, fd; pid_t pid = fork(); log_sys("[cksettling>> becomeDaemon begin...]"); if(pid<0)/* while fail */ { log_sys("[cksettling>> fork fail"); return(-1); } else if(pid!=0) /* while parent */ { log_sys("[cksettling>> while parent]"); _exit(0); } /* Child falls through... */ if (setsid() == -1) /* Become leader of new session */ { log_sys("[cksettling>> setsid() fail]"); return -1; } /* Ensure we are not session leader */ pid=fork(); if(pid<0)/* while fail */ { log_sys("[cksettling>> fork(2) fail]"); return(-1); } else if(pid!=0) /* while parent */ { log_sys("[cksettling>> while parent2]"); _exit(0); } /* Child falls through... */ if (!(flags & BD_NO_UMASK0)) umask(0); /* Clear file mode creation mask */ if (!(flags & BD_NO_CHDIR)) chdir("/"); /* Change to root directory */ if (!(flags & BD_NO_CLOSE_FILES)) { /* Close all open files */ maxfd = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX); if (maxfd == -1) /* Limit is indeterminate... */ maxfd = BD_MAX_CLOSE; /* so take a guess */ for (fd = 0; fd < maxfd; fd++) close(fd); } if (!(flags & BD_NO_REOPEN_STD_FDS)) { close(STDIN_FILENO); /* Reopen standard fd's to /dev/null */ fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR); if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) /* 'fd' should be 0 */ { log_sys("[cksettling>> fd != STDIN_FILENO]"); return -1; } if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO) { log_sys("[cksettling>> dup2 >>!= STDIN_FILENO]"); return -1; } if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) { log_sys("[cksettling>> dup2 2 >>!= STDIN_FILENO]"); return -1; } } log_sys("[cksettling>> becomeDaemon ok]"); return 0;}